Which structure cushions the temporomandibular joint?

• A. TMJ disc
• B. Articular cartilage
• C. Synovial membrane
• D. Meniscus

Answer: (A)

The cushioning role in the TMJ is fulfilled by a fibrocartilaginous articular disc that sits between the mandibular condyle and the temporal bone. This disc acts as a load distributor and friction reducer, allowing the joint to move smoothly through both hinging and gliding actions. Its biconcave shape helps maintain congruent contact as the jaw opens, closes, and translates, while its peripheral attachments to the joint capsule and ligaments stabilize the disc and coordinate movement, often with the lateral pterygoid muscle guiding the anterior portion.

Articular cartilage covers the joint surfaces to reduce friction, but it is not the separate cushion between the bones. The synovial membrane lines the capsule and produces synovial fluid for lubrication, not a cushioning structure. The term meniscus is used for a similar cushioning pad in the knee, but the TMJ has a disc, not a meniscus.